Autism Spectrum Disorder Ranks Among Top Causes of Non-Fatal Health Burden in Youth, Global Analysis Reveals

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affected an estimated 61.8 million people worldwide in 2021, equivalent to one in every 127 individuals, according to a comprehensive analysis published in The Lancet Psychiatry. Conducted as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, the research highlights ASD as one of the top ten contributors to non-fatal health burdens in individuals under 20 years old. These findings emphasize the growing health and societal impact of ASD on younger populations worldwide.

ASD Prevalence Varies by Sex and Region

The study revealed significant disparities in ASD prevalence based on sex and geography. Globally, males were nearly twice as likely to be diagnosed with ASD as females, with prevalence rates of 1,065 cases per 100,000 males compared to 508 cases per 100,000 females. Regionally, the highest prevalence was observed in High-Income Asia Pacific countries, such as Japan, with 1,560 cases per 100,000 individuals. In contrast, Tropical Latin America and Bangladesh reported the lowest prevalence rates.

In addition to these disparities, the researchers highlighted the increasing impact of ASD on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which has risen as global populations have grown. Despite variations in sex and region, ASD affects people of all ages and communities, underscoring the importance of addressing its wide-reaching health burden.

Why This Matters

This analysis calls for a global response to reduce the health and societal challenges associated with ASD. Early detection is essential, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to diagnostic tools and support services is limited. Resources must be focused on improving early identification programs, with an emphasis on enhancing diagnostic capabilities for adults and underserved populations.

The researchers also stressed the importance of lifelong support for autistic individuals and their caregivers, as well as addressing co-occurring health risks, such as mental health disorders and suicide. Improved geographic data collection is needed to design targeted interventions that address the unique needs of diverse populations.

By advancing early detection, caregiver support, and management of comorbidities, this study provides a foundation for shaping policies that improve the quality of life for millions of autistic individuals and their families worldwide.